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PurposeThis study aims to examine the factors influencing user satisfaction with unified payment interface (UPI)-based payment systems during the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The study also aimed to examine whether the user satisfaction with UPI-based payment systems during the COVID-19 pandemic will transform into their continuance intention post-COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study was performed in three phases, i.e. pre-testing (for developing questionnaire), pilot study (using exploratory factor analysis to ensure unidimensionality) and the main study. The main study was based on the feedback from a sample of 369 internet users who first used the UPI-based payment system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data generated were analysed using the structural equation modelling approach.FindingsThe study findings suggest that the users who are satisfied with UPI-based transactions during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to continue their use of this payment mode in future. Factors such as post-adoption perceived value, perceived usefulness and post-adoption perceived risk were observed to be key constructs in explaining user satisfaction and continued intention for UPI-based payment systems.Originality/valueThe study is one of the pioneering studies, in the sense that it investigated the continuance intention of UPI-based payment systems, which, surprisingly, did not gain much attention from past researchers.
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The negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have been widely reported, but less is known about how the impact of COVID-19 on others in one's social circle shapes these high distress levels. This study examines associations between social COVID-19 exposure-knowing someone who had a COVID-19 infection-and psychological functioning, as well as whether socio-demographic factors moderate these relationships. In June 2020, respondents (N = 343) from clinics in Tampa, Florida, U.S.A. reported whether they had social COVID-19 exposure, anxiety, depression, and stress, and other COVID-19-related concerns. Social COVID-19 exposure was associated with increased anxiety, stress, and concerns about a family member getting sick, and concerns about drinking and substance use. Several associations between exposure and psychological functioning were stronger in women, younger people, and people with lower income, implying these groups face elevated psychological risks due to the pandemic, and should be prioritized in mental health recovery efforts.
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Working outside of the employer's physical space using information and communication technology can be labeled as telework. With the Covid-19 pandemic, telework assumed an unprecedented relevance with substantial impact for the future. Therefore, the development of assessment scales that allow a better comprehension of telework is essential. In this study, the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Impact of Telework on Career Scale (ITCS) were assessed tested on 533 workers, and confirmatory analyses were performed on 532 remote workers. Results suggested good psychometric properties and a two-factor structure, Work-Related Well-Being, and Psychological Well-Being. Furthermore, this Portuguese sample considered that telework has little impact on the connection with colleagues, employers, and the probability of being promoted, but it can promote work-related satisfaction and performance, as well as reduce work-family conflict. Implications for scale usage are discussed.
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Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused stress and anxiety for various parts of society all over the world. This concern and stress are not limited to being affected by COVID-19 because this condition has also caused changes in people's lifestyles. Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to design and evaluate the validity and reliability of the COVID-19-related stressors questionnaire and determine the contribution of each of the stressors to the prediction of mental health in the Iranian population. Method(s): This descriptive-analytical and correlational study was performed on 301 volunteers living in Tehran, Iran. Due to the prevalence of COVID-19, questionnaires were distributed by convenience sampling method and online conduction. The instruments used in the present study were the researcher-made questionnaire on Iranians' COVID-19-related stressors (ICRS) and the mental health questionnaire general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Content validity (qualitative and quantitative), face validity, structural validity (exploratory factor analysis), Cronbach's alpha, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 24 and AMOS24 software. Result(s): In exploratory factor analysis, the final 25 items were obtained in seven factors with an explanation of 66.25% variance. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that worrying about changing economic status, getting COVID-19 and change in lifestyle increased the chance of developing mental health disorder up to 1.29 (OR = 1.29), 1.28 (OR = 1.28), and 1.18 times (OR = 1.18), respectively. The variable of changing family interactions reduces the chance of developing a mental health disorder by 0.85 times (OR = 0.85). Conclusion(s): The COVID-19-related stressors questionnaire is valid and can be used in future research. Identifying the most im-portant stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and determining each contribution to mental health prediction will help health policymakers to make better decisions.Copyright © 2023, Author(s).
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Background: Pharmaceutical businesses had enormous difficulties in product distribution during COVID-19, and the solution to this perpetual issue is a resilient supply chain. Aim(s): The study aims to understand the vulnerabilities to which it subjected the pharmaceutical product distribution supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic and further develop an adaptive model through which the pharmaceutical product supply chain can enhance its resilience capabilities. Material(s) and Method(s): The conceptual model is developed for the supply chain of pharmaceutical companies based on the literature survey, and then the conceptual model is explored through factor analysis. Researchers have developed a validated model after a statistical analysis using Cronbach's alpha. Subjective analysis has concluded that the pharmaceutical supply chain's resilience is driven by factors such as "trade cost," which comprises transport cost, business practices, and raw material sourcing cost;"shock propagation," which comprises country-specific shocks, production shocks, and policy changes;and "technological infrastructure bottleneck," which relates to the availability of cold chain storage warehouses and refrigerated transport vehicle facilities. Result(s): An empirical model pertaining to supply chain resilience may be further studied with different geographies, like Pune, Hyderabad, and Delhi NCR, for the purpose of generalizing the study. Conclusion(s): The identified major factors were trade cost, shock propagation, and technological infrastructure bottlenecks. The sensitivity of the issue under investigation required a personal touch to the survey, as the COVID-19 pandemic had left these respondents emotionally vulnerable. As COVID-19 is the recent catastrophe that has hit humanity, it has made the pharmaceutical product distribution channel vulnerable during the pandemic. This difficult time of pandemic has really tested the pharmaceutical products' supply chain capabilities as well.Copyright © 2023, Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India. All rights reserved.
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Working outside of the employer's physical space using information and communication technology can be labeled as telework. With the Covid-19 pandemic, telework assumed an unprecedented relevance with substantial impact for the future. Therefore, the development of assessment scales that allow a better comprehension of telework is essential. In this study, the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Impact of Telework on Career Scale (ITCS) were assessed tested on 533 workers, and confirmatory analyses were performed on 532 remote workers. Results suggested good psychometric properties and a two-factor structure, Work-Related Well-Being, and Psychological Well-Being. Furthermore, this Portuguese sample considered that telework has little impact on the connection with colleagues, employers, and the probability of being promoted, but it can promote work-related satisfaction and performance, as well as reduce work-family conflict. Implications for scale usage are discussed. © 2022 AIDEP. All rights reserved.
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The present study is a proposal of a questionnaire of psychosocial factors for university professors based in a standard proposed in the Mexican law that considers the International Labor Organization recommendation. The study is based on five dimensions: Work environment, factors for the activity, organization of working time, leadership and relationships and work and organizational environment. The information was collected among 300 teachers with a wide range of tenure and conditions at work in Mexico. Also, the questionnaire was developed during the pandemic of COVID-19 which affected the job this kind of professionals. We performed an exploratory factor analysis to evaluate each one of the five dimensions using questionnaires previously validated by different authors. We obtained one dimension for the work environment factor, two dimensions for the factor for the activity, one dimension for the organization of working time, three dimensions for the factor leadership and relations at work and two dimensions for the organizational environment factor. The results showed that the questionnaire is valid and can be used as a tool to improve the conditions of work at universities. We found that the dimension insecurity and leadership were the worst evaluated by university teachers. This questionnaire could be used to promote safety conditions after the sanitary emergency and to promote a healthy environment among workers. © 2023 by Cherkas Global University All rights reserved. Published in the USA
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The aim of the research is to investigate whether purchasing decisions about bakery products (bread, snacks and biscuits) are influenced by concerns about health, climate change, biodiversity loss and food waste. The exploratory survey was carried out in two successive moments before and during the health emergency from COVID-19. Before the health emergency, face-to-face interviews were carried out using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, reliability tests and descriptive analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the research hypotheses. The results of the modeling analysis of the structural equations highlighted that health and the environment represent an important background in the consumer experience of the respondents and influence the attitude and intention to purchase safe and environmentally friendly bakery products. Furthermore, the results suggest that informed, modern and aware consumers have direct and indirect effects on the intentions to adopt sustainable attitudes. On the contrary, the perception relating to the shops where consumers buy bakery products does not always show a significant influence on the propensity for sustainability. During the health emergency, the interviews were conducted online. Families confined to their homes, buying less in stores, have prepared many baked goods manually at home. The descriptive analysis of this group of consumers shows a growing attention to points of sale and the tendency to use online shopping. Furthermore, the changes in the type of purchases and the importance attributed to the need to reduce food waste emerge.
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The paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of organisation management while telecommuting. With exploratory factor analysis (EFA), we define the specific set of telework organising efficiency characteristics. We determined the number of factors with Kaiser Eigenvalues rule as well as Cattel's scree criterion. We conducted the study in Lithuania, the country with a low percentage of teleworkers until organisations have been urged to properly implement their performance to remote means after the COVID-19 quarantine was announced. This paper reveals that the fundamental challenges of teleworking are the feedback issues related to working accomplishment, especially to the task and process overload, and individual self-organisation ability. Moreover, the flexibility of work organisation represents a unique characteristic of telework, and managers should cooperate more effectively with teleworkers to keep them motivated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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During COVID-19, supply chain (SC) mapping has appeared as one of the critical supply chain capabilities that could make a striking difference in organisations' supply chain performance. Despite its crucial role in responding to SC disruptions, there is a void in the literature on this topic. In this context, the prime objective of the current study is to introduce a comprehensive measure of SC mapping accounting for its various dimensions. A review of the literature is conducted to identify the relevant dimensions and sub-dimensions of SC mapping. Next, two rounds of focused group discussions are conducted in order to refine the identified dimensions and to add any relevant dimensions of SC mapping. Third, we employ exploratory factor analysis to develop the construct of SC mapping. The findings reveal that SC mapping has three major dimensions, namely upstream mapping, downstream mapping, and midstream mapping, with a total 25 items. The developed construct can be used to operationalise the SC mapping and to examine its antecedents and precedents.
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The digital payment system has many advantages over cash transactions. In India, the adoption of digital payment has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but still, the usage of cash is extremely high. This study attempts to determine the factors influencing the adoption of digital payment and the barriers to the adoption during COVID-19. Exploratory factor analysis has been carried out on primary data collected from 409 respondents using a closed-ended questionnaire. The study reveals efficiency parameters, perceived utility, social influence, and facilitating conditions as significant influencing factors. The barriers identified are technological barrier, value barrier, risk barrier, usage and image barriers. The digital payment industry may use the findings of this study to enhance the influencing factors and remove the barriers such as improving the performance and reducing the efforts of payment applications and providing better technology and increasing awareness about digital fraud. © 2022 Information Resources Management Association. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Symptoms after covid are common. The clinical manifestation of long-covid was't described completely for the long term period. Aim(s): The aim was to describe veariety of patient's symptoms at least 4months after infection. Method(s): a)prepare questionnaire items;b)selection of relevant items;c)formal adjustment;d)pilot verification on 50pts;e)modification of the structure of questions;f)performing an exploratory factor analysis. Result(s): We enrolled 703consecutive pts(352 males;53+/-15yrs;BMI 29+/-5;222+/-112days from diagnosis)from Mar21 to Jan22. Two-fifths(272pts;39%)of them were initialy hospitalized due to covid. Eight clusters of long-covid symptoms/manifestations(s/m)were identified: respiratory+fatigue cluster;musculo-skeletal c.;skin c.;psychical c.;recurrent infections c.;smell+taste c.;trombotic c;nefrological c.Elderly pts were more affected by musculoskeletal s/m;less frequently experienced psychical s/m;recurrent infection s/m;small+taste s/m.Obese pts reported more frequently respiratory+fatigue s/m;musculo-skeletal s/m;thrombotic s/m;nephrological s/m. Educational level was not associated with the dominance of any s/m cluster. The Delta variant predisposed to the dominance of respiratory+fatigue s/m;musculo-skeletal s/m. Previously hospitalized suffered more frequently from musculo-skeletal s/m;trombotic s/m;less frequently from smell+taste s/m. Conclusion(s): Manifestation of long-covid symptoms is heterogeneous condition for many months after the initial diagnosis.
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The need for mobile-based solutions for healthcare after COVID pandemic is more obvious than ever as mobile itself is an integral part of everyday life. m-Health is not an unfamiliar phenomenon, but despite the progress that has been made in this area, it is still difficult for m-health platforms to enter and stabilize in the market, especially in developing countries. So, in this study, we tried to prioritize the factors affecting the commercialization of m-Health and platforms. By reviewing related researches to the field of mobile health commercialization, 30 main effective indicators in mobile health commercialization were identified. After surveying experts and conducting exploratory factor analysis, these 30 indicators have been prioritized in 6 dimensions of efficiency and effectiveness, market, organizational and legal, technology and infrastructure, property and project management, and macro contexts. According to experts, the most important indicator is the timeliness of technology, and least important factor is the index of technology convergence with the laws and regulations in the field of health and treatment of the country. © 2022 IEEE.
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Public healthcare institutions are the crucial component in the social and economic development of a nation, particularly India. However, public hospitals in India confront multiple operational risk factors that compromise patient satisfaction. Although all the risk factors are essentially critical, the impact potential of any risk factor is ultimately determined by its ability to induce other risk factors. The current research derives motivation from these scenarios and investigates the characteristics of crucial operational risk factors experienced in the public healthcare sector in a South Indian state. Extensive questionnaire-based surveys were conducted among civilians and healthcare professionals in two phases, i.e., prior to the COVID-19 crisis and during the COVID-19 crisis, for identifying significant risk factors. The collected data is analysed using statistical techniques like exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and partial least squares based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to characterise the inter-relationships between risk factors. The research discloses the translational effect of administrative/infrastructure constraints in public hospitals in compromising the operational performance indirectly through human-related issues rather than having a direct influence. More precisely, the presented model indicates that risk factors like the physical infrastructure limitations and shortage of staff will overburden the existing employees, resulting in human-related issues, including attitudinal issues of employees and community mistrusts and misbelieves. The results reveal seemingly resolvable budget allocation issues, but at the same time alarms the authorities to execute immediate countermeasures. Ultimately, this research seeks to empower public hospital administrators with interesting insights and managerial implications drawn from the statistical models. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Operational Research Society of India.
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Bu çalışmanın amacı pandemi korkusunun üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer hedefleri üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, 352 katılımcıya online olarak anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ölçeklere geçerlilik ve güvenirlik testi yapılmıştır. Kariyer Hedefi Geribildirim Ölçeği (KHGBÖ) için güvenirlik 0.909 ve pandemi korkusu için ise 0.861 olarak bulunmuştur. Değişkenlerimiz kategorik olduğu için KHGB ile bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ki-kare ile test edilmiştir. 24 maddeden oluşan KHGBÖ ile 6 maddeden oluşan pandemi korkusu ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Demografik özelliklerle pandemi korkusu ve KHGBÖ arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olup olmadığı test edilmiştir. Faktör analizi kullanılarak KHGBÖ ne ait alt boyutları oluşturulmuş olup ve multinominal lojistik regresyon analizi ile pandemi korkusunun kariyer bildirimi geri bildirimi Kariyer Hedefi Geri Bildirimi (KHGB) üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonrasında eğitim düzeyi, programı ve pandemi korkusu ile KHGB arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık çıkmıştır. Multinominal lojistik regresyon analizi sonrasında pandemi korkusunun KHGB üzerinde istatistiksel olarak etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Alternate abstract: This study aims to reveal the effects of the fear of the Covid-19 pandemic on university students' career goals. The quantitative method was utilized in the research, and an online survey method was applied to 352 participants. The scales were tested for validity and reliability. Reliability was found to be 0.909 for the Career Goal Feedback Scale (CGFS) and 0.861 for the fear of pandemic. Since our variables were categorical, the relationships between Career Goal Feedback (CGF) and independent variables were examined with the chi-square test. The CGF Scale composed of 24 items and the Fear of Pandemic Scale composed of six items were employed. It was examined whether statistically significant differences existed between demographic characteristics and the fear of pandemic and CGFS. Subdimensions of CGFS were constructed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the effect of the fear of pandemic on Career Goal Feedback (CGF) was analyzed by multinomial logistic regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, the differences found between education level, program, and fear of pandemic and CGF were statistically significant. According to the multinomial logistic regression analysis, it was concluded that the fear of pandemic had a statistically significant effect on CGF.
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Background: While more than a year has passed since the COVID-19 outbreak, it is still a growing health concern. Moreover, ample consensus exists for the presence of not only a physical but also a psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Those reported as hardest hit were individuals who had been infected with COVID-19. Survivors have exhibited a higher prevalence of psychological morbidity i.e., PTSD, depression, and anxiety-as compared with the general population and health workers. Additionally, COVID-19 patients and survivors have been psychologically impacted by a staggering number of disease-related stressors. Objective(s): The study was aimed at analyzing COVID-19's impact on the psychological state of Argentinian disease survivors. Method(s): Two hundred and ninety-six COVID-19 survivors (67.2% female;Mage = 44.81;SDage = 12.16) from a major Buenos Aires hospital completed a questionnaire and a set of psychological measures-COVID-19 emotional impact, psychological sequelae, disease-related stressors, PTSD, and psychological distress. Result(s): The most impactful psychological sequelae and disease stressors revolved around having the disease awaiting test results, fear of infecting loved ones, being apart from family and friends during the disease, fear of physical sequelae and symptoms, and returning to isolation. PTSD prevalence rates were 33.8%. Survivor's psychological distress levels were moderately higher than pre-COVID-era general population levels, yet not significantly different from preCOVID-era clinical inpatients. Female gender, age, and hospital admission emerged as significant predictors of increased adverse psychological outcomes. Conclusion(s): Intervention for COVID-19 survivors is urgently needed, with particular attention to the alarming PTSD prevalence rates, as discussed in the study.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Developing psychometrically validated assessment tools to examine social and intergroup processes related to COVID-19 is fundamental for creating interventions that reduce the spread of this virus. Thus, this manuscript aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a new measure, Assessment of COVID-19 Attitudes and Behaviors (ACAB), that assesses COVID-19-related attitudes (e.g., about physical distancing, xenophobia), behaviors (e.g., helping others versus prioritizing own needs), and beliefs (e.g., about others' roles in spreading COVID-19). We used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA, CFA) to provide factor analytic support and Fisher's r-to-z transformation to provide construct validity evidence. EFA revealed and CFA confirmed a four-factor structure of social distancing adjustment, self-prioritization, prosocial behaviors, and belief in conspiracies. Fisher's r-to-z transformation provided evidence for the construct validity of the four factors. This psychometrically validated instrument will enhance social science researchers' ability to accurately identify and explicate psychological processes related to COVID-19. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure coronavirus shopping anxiety. Numerous studies have developed a scale for measuring coronavirus anxiety and fear, notably absent is a concerted effort to review and assess the impact of coronavirus on the shopping anxiety of consumers. This scale fulfills this gap.Design/methodology/approachThe steps taken for checking the various psychometrics of the scale include item generation, followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) through SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis through AMOS. The data were collected from over 208 respondents.FindingsThis study resulted in the development of a nine-item scale with robust psychometric properties. The scale resulted in highlighting two factors related to anxiety: in-store shopping anxiety and online shopping anxiety.Research limitations/implicationsThe scale developed has the desirable reliable and valid properties that could be used by aspiring researchers.Practical implicationsThe scale developed highlighted that the restrictions in shopping impact the mental health and psychology of consumers. The scale resulted in analyzing the factors related to shopping anxiety, which could give top management a perspective and vision to look into the minds of the consumer's shopping anxiety behaviors.Social implicationsCompanies, firms, health professionals and marketers could use this scale to investigate the various shopping anxiety perceptions among consumers in society.Originality/valueThis research fills the gap by developing a first nine-item scale based on the qualitative research and quantitative assessment for measuring shopping anxiety caused due to the pandemic.
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INTRODUCTION: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) measures the underlying relationships between questionnaire items and the factors ("constructs") measured by a questionnaire. The Home and Family Work Roles Questionnaire has not been assessed using EFA; therefore, our objective was to identify the factors measured by this questionnaire. METHODS: We recruited 314 persons to complete the questionnaire and to answer several demographic questions. We determined if the data was factorable by performing Bartlett's test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy. We used the Factor package in Jamovi statistical software to perform EFA. We employed an Oblimin rotation and a Principal Axis extraction method. We also calculated the internal consistency of the questionnaire as a whole as well as each individual question. RESULTS: Our sample consisted of 265 (85%) women, 45 (14%) men, and 3 (1%) non-binary or other genders. The mean age of our participants was 34.65 (SD = 11.57, range = 18-65) years. EFA suggested a three-factor model. Questions 11, 13, 14, 15, and 16 measured one factor (we interpreted this as "Caregiving Roles"), questions 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 18, and 19 measured a different factor ("Traditionally Feminine Roles"), and questions 2, 5, 6, and 12 measured the "Traditionally Masculine Roles". The questionnaire and each individual question demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.90). CONCLUSION: The Home and Family Work Roles Questionnaire may measure three distinct factors, which we have named Caregiving, Traditionally Feminine, and Traditionally Masculine Roles. This aligns with the theory used in developing the questionnaire. Separation of the Home and Family Work Roles Questionnaire into three sub-scales with distinct scores is recommended to measure each of the recommended constructs.
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Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires , Factor Analysis, Statistical , PsychometricsABSTRACT
Introduction Healthcare workers have been suffering from workplace violence in alarming numbers, showing the importance of its prevention initiative. This study aims to develop and validate a new questionnaire to assess the perception and practice scores of workplace violence prevention among employers at healthcare facilities. Methods Existing literature has been reviewed to establish the domains and refine the items. The first drafted domain was the perception constructed by six components and 59 items. The second drafted domain was practice, consisting of six components and 41 items. Content validation was measured by a panel of experts using the item-level content validity index (I-CVI). Then, face validation analysis was carried out among 10 healthcare employers and presented as the item-level face validity index (I-FVI). Lastly, 222 participants were recruited to determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire by using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and internal consistency reliability. Results Following content validation, two items in the practice domain were removed because of the I-CVI below 0.78. The I-CVI values of the remaining items for both domains were above 0.78, indicating good relevancy of 59 items to assess the perception and 39 items to evaluate the practice domains. The I-FVI values for both domains were above 0.80, suggesting that the participants easily understood the questionnaire. Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant for both domains (p<0.001). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure was 0.879 for the perception domain and 0.941 for the practice domain. All items load above 0.6 in their respective factor. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability test ranged from 0.71 to 0.92 and from 0.82 to 0.97 for the perception and practice domains, respectively. The final revised questionnaire consisted of nine components (35 items) for perception and four components (27 items) for practice. Conclusion The newly developed set of questionnaires is a valid and reliable tool to assess the perception and practice of workplace violence prevention among employers at healthcare facilities.